Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Ekonomi Korupsi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Teori Sistem Hukum Lawrence M. Friedman

Abstract

This study aims to analyze law enforcement against corruption as an economic crime in Indonesia based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s Legal System Theory, which consists of three main elements: legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach through library research on various legal materials and an analysis of court decisions related to corruption cases. The findings indicate that, from the perspective of legal structure, law enforcement institutions such as the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Public Prosecutor’s Office, and the Corruption Court have performed their functions in a relatively effective and coordinated manner. In terms of legal substance, the Anti-Corruption Law remains the primary and robust legal foundation for combating corruption, although the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code has raised concerns regarding the potential weakening of criminal sanctions for corruption offenses. Meanwhile, from the perspective of legal culture, the misuse of authority by certain state officials still persists; however, positive developments toward a more transparent, accountable, and integrity-based legal culture have begun to emerge. This study concludes that the effectiveness of law enforcement against corruption largely depends on the synergy between legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. These three elements must operate harmoniously to ensure that the law functions effectively in achieving justice, preventing corruption, and supporting the realization of clean and authoritative governance.